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The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a network of complex interactions between the tumor cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and the surrounding extracellular matrix. Immunotherapies have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy and durable responses for several tumor types, but most patients are either nonresponsive or develop resistance to immunotherapies.

To develop next-generation immunotherapies, it is important to identify reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment response. Correlating the immune cell population and their activation states in treated tumors to the therapeutic response and clinical outcome can be one strategy. Evaluating gene signatures of the tumor cells and infiltrating immune cells can provide prognostic and predictive information.

This application note from ACD demonstrates the capabilities of a multiplexed in situ transcriptomic approach for the spatial mapping of target genes in the TME of complex and heterogeneous formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues using the RNAscope HiPlex v2 assay.

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